AlgoViz

Longest Increasing Subsequence

Medium

Patience sorting · O(n log n)

In simple words

For each number, the longest rising run ending there is one more than the best smaller number before it.

The idea

Maintain the smallest possible tail for an increasing subsequence of each length. Binary-search each number into that tails array; its length is the LIS length.

2
5
3
7
101
18
0
1
2
3
4
5

Step 1 of 8. Keep the smallest tail for each length. Binary-search each number into "tails". Values: 2, 5, 3, 7, 101, 18.

1/8
Optimal
timeO(n log n)spaceO(n)

Replace the first tail ≥ x.

1// keep the smallest possible tail for each length2const tails = [];3for (const x of nums) {4  let lo = 0, hi = tails.length;5  while (lo < hi) { const m=(lo+hi)>>1;6    if (tails[m] < x) lo = m+1; else hi = m; }7  tails[lo] = x;8}9return tails.length;

Input

array
[2, 5, 3, 7, 101, 18]

Memory

num

Output

LIS

Check yourself

3 quick questions about this walkthrough. A wrong answer costs nothing.

Examples

Example 1

Input:
nums = [10, 9, 2, 5, 3, 7, 101, 18]
Output:
4
Explanation:
2,3,7,101 rises for length 4.

Example 2

Input:
nums = [0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 3]
Output:
4
Explanation:
0,1,2,3 gives length 4.

Example 3

Input:
nums = [7, 7, 7]
Output:
1
Explanation:
No increase possible → length 1.

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